Terapia de remoção de secreção brônquica em pacientes na ventilação mecânica: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchial secretion removal therapies such as chest compression, positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP), therapeutic positioning, manual hyperinflation with an Ambu bag, and mechanical ventilator hyperinflation, through respiratory physiotherapy, are widely employed in the treatment of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. The purpose is to enhance lung function by expanding collapsed lung areas and, consequently, improving the ventilation/perfusion balance. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, aiming to describe and discuss the development of the addressed theme through a critical and personal analysis of the literature. Works published between 2008 and 2023 were included, selected through electronic research of scientific articles, including not only scientific papers but also conference papers, theses, and others. Objectives: To discuss the scientific evidence regarding bronchial secretion removal therapy in mechanically ventilated patients. Results: In the literature review, an average of 870 publications was identified, of which 828 were excluded due to lack of compatibility with the theme. Conclusion: It can be understood that the study on bronchial secretion removal therapy (therapeutic positioning, chest compression, PEEP-ZEEP, manual hyperinflation with an Ambu bag, and mechanical ventilator hyperinflation) remains essential interventions in the practice of intensive care. They play a vital role in managing patients with complex respiratory conditions, significantly contributing to the quality of life of patients with respiratory conditions.