Saúde da mulher no puerpério: fatores de risco e de proteção para a saúde mental

Abstract

The postpartum period is a period of intense physical, emotional, and social transformations that directly impact women's mental health. Despite its importance, the psychological suffering experienced by postpartum women is still often delegitimized and romanticized, making it difficult to recognize their emotional needs. This study aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial factors that influence mental health in the postpartum period, identify protective coping practices, and discuss the role of public policies and professional support in this context. With a qualitative approach and a basic nature, the research was developed through a descriptive literature review, using the deductive method to interpret national and international scientific literature on the topic.The results confirmed the hypothesis that the postpartum period is marked by specific vulnerabilities that, when neglected, can lead to psychological illness, such as baby blues, postpartum depression, and anxiety. Family and social support, psychological counseling, and the strengthening of maternal autonomy stood out as protective factors. It is concluded that validating emotional experiences in the postpartum period, combined with the implementation of effective public policies, is essential to ensuring comprehensive care for women. The development of this work faced challenges related to the scarcity of intersectional studies and the invisibility of maternal suffering, highlighting the need for future research that addresses the diversity of postpartum experiences.