Reabsorção cervical externa: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

External cervical resorption (CER) is formed due to the odontoclastic actions that cause the destruction of hard tissues present in the root system. It is characterized by the proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the cervical region of the root, reabsorbed the cemento, enamel and dentin. In most cases, this resorption is asymptomatic, and the pulp is kept surrounded and protected by the dentin and predentin layers. Because it does not present clinical signs and symptoms, its diagnosis becomes difficult, contributing to the progression of the lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the importance of diagnosis and correct treatment of CER, through a review of narrative literature. Initially, periapical radiographs were the main resource to assist in this diagnosis, due to their low cost and easy to obtain. However, the CER lesions are difficult to be observed, since in these radiographs the image formed is two-dimensional of a three-dimensional lesion. The CER is classified as class 1, 2, 3 and 4, so there are several treatments that will depend on the extent of resorption, location and stage of evolution of the lesion. It can be concluded that CBCT is the most indicated technique for the diagnosis of these lesions, as it offers 3D images with less distortion and image overlap. And the therapeutic options for its treatment include light extrusions to expose the resorbed cavity and be restored with biocompatible material, surgical exposure, endodontic treatment and in the most severe cases exodontia.