Complicações e acidentes em exodontias de terceiros molares impactados: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Third molar extraction has become one of the most frequent procedures in oral surgery, as these teeth are the last to erupt in the oral cavity and are usually in the inclusion position. The extraction of these teeth requires important care during its realization to avoid accidents in the transoperative and/or postoperative complications. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze, through a literature review, the main complications and accidents that can occur in extractions of impacted third molars. This research is a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, using the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS and BBO databases. The descriptors used were: "Postoperative complications", "Unerupted tooth", "Oral Surgery" and the selected papers were from the years 2012 to 2021. Thus, it is necessary to differentiate between accidents and complications after a tooth extraction. Accidents are intercurrences that occur during the transoperative period, while complications occur during the postoperative period. The most common accidents and complications are: bleeding, pain, trismus, edema, inferior alveolar nerve injury, alveolitis, bucco-sinusal communication, facial space infections, periodontal problems, injuries to adjacent teeth, tooth displacement to noble

anatomical regions, temporary or permanent paresthesia, TMJ problems, dento- alveolar, maxillary tuberosity or mandibular fractures. Thus, we can conclude that

detailed planning, a thorough anamnesis, knowledge of the surgical technique, knowledge of the anatomical aspects of the region, analysis of the radiographic exams and experience of the professional are indispensable, aiming at the prevention of accidents and complications in the extraction of impacted third molars. Moreover, the professional should be aware of the pre, trans, and postoperative care, in addition to knowing the possible accidents and complications in the removal of these teeth.