Análise da imunopatologia da tuberculose pulmonar: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains one of the main social, economic and public health problems worldwide. Worldwide in 2017, there were an estimated 10 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths, including about 300,000 from coinfection with HIV. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the source of infection is the individual with the pulmonary form of the disease, which eliminates bacilli to the outside. The disease can affect organs other than the lungs, being considered an extrapulmonary form where transmission does not occur. It is transmitted from person to person, mainly through the air, caused by the speech, sneezing and, mainly, by the cough of a patient with pulmonary TB. For the disease to develop, in addition to inhaling the bacillus, the immune system must be compromised. The value of the vaccine in reducing the development of the disease up to the age group of 05 years was noticeable. However TB-HIV co-infection has a great impact on the health outcome of victims due to accelerated progression. The case of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stands out, which caused tuberculosis to re-emerge as a serious global problem to public health. Mtb has several mechanisms to evade the host's immune system, such as virulence factors that facilitate its recognition by innate immune response cells, allow it to escape phagocytosis, and interact with endogenous genes of the infected cell, favoring Mtb survival and multiplication , making this disease complex, and difficult to control.