Análise da variabilidade genômica do SARS-CoV-2 no Brasil; uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which appeared in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. At first, doctors and scientists believed it to be an outbreak of unknown pneumonia, however, after a period of time, COVID-19 became a disease of global concern as it quickly spread to the Chinese provinces, then the Asian continent and later around the world. SARS-CoV-2 has a high potential for gene mutation, which provides the frequent appearance of new variants, forcing the scientific community to evaluate new strategies to contain the advance of the pandemic. In this sense, studies on the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to help the scientific community, especially in the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of this work is characterized by evaluating the genomic variability profile of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, presenting national, regional and study data, in a period from 2020 to 2021. Thus, an integrative review was carried out using scientific articles on the proposed theme, through records already available, obtained from the results of previous research, found in the databases available at the VHL (Virtual Health Library), and the Ministry of Health, in a time frame from 2020 to 2021. As results it was obtained that the main variants circulating in Brazil are Alpha, Beta, Gama and Delta. Although both have a lot of impact on the territory, even so, some have more impacts than others, in this case the Gamma variant (P1) has a great impact today, standing out from the others.