Cirurgia ortognática no tratamento da síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono(SAHOS) : revisão de literatura

Abstract

The Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHOS) is one of the most frequent sleep disorders in the population. It is a disease with important repercussions on the quality of life and health of patients, which reflects the importance of its early identification and adequate treatment. Several studies identify OSAHOS as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic dysregulation and neurocognitive disorders. There are several treatment modalities for OSAHOS, some conservative, such as continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP), and others surgical. Among the surgical procedures, orthognathic surgery has gained prominence for its effectiveness in improving sleep parameters in selected cases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and argue, through a literature review, the efficiency of orthognathic surgery in patients with clinically indicated OSAHS, aimed at clearing the upper airways, thereby improving or inhibiting symptoms, restoring function and optimizing aesthetics. The scientific platforms used were Scielo, Google Scholar, LILACS, Lume, MEDLINE-Bireme and PubMed, with the keywords: "Apnea and Obstructive Sleep Hypopnea," "Orthognathic Surgery," "Maxillomandibular Advancement," "Dentistry" in Portuguese, Spanish and English, between 2011 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were scientific papers published from 2011 onward, which discuss OSAHOS, its association with dentistry, its causes, ways of diagnosing it, and treatments, mainly through orthognathic surgery. As for the exclusion criteria, articles and theses that were published in a period less than 2011 were eliminated. Through the results found, it was concluded that orthognathic surgery reduces or eliminates the apnea index, and can be an effective and definitive treatment for OSAHOS when clinically indicated.