Gênero e encarceramento: análise sobre o processo psicossocial de reintegração social de mulheres encarceradas

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial process in the reintegration of incarcerated women, based on the influence of gender roles in the occupations assigned to them. It is recognized that the jobs that are offered to women under deprivation of liberty generally revolve around domestic tasks that are reproduced by society as “women's work”. The general objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between gender and the assignment of jobs in the process of social reintegration of incarcerated women. As specific objectives: to investigate female incarceration in Brazil; identify the function of work as an instrument of reintegration;

and discuss gender implications in women's prison. The research used the hypothetical- deductive method and a qualitative approach, the investigation was developed through field

research authorized by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP), at the Prison Unit for Feminine Rehabilitation in São Luís - MA, as well as by bibliographical research in academic works and

other related literary works, collated with official data from governmental and non- governmental bodies that are related to public policy. The relevance of this study resides in the

urgency of the discussion regarding the effectiveness of the reintegration and social emancipation of incarcerated women, seeking, in this way, to minimize criminal recidivism and their return to prison. For the detainees, the work carried out in prisons is an opportunity for knowledge, personal emancipation and remission of the sentence; fights idleness in prison and utility, as the remuneration received finances the raising of children. With regard to gender, the available work fronts still maintain the pattern of cutting and sewing, cooking and han activities of the first female penitentiaries coordinated by nuns who sought to maintain the “feminine vocation” of women who broke laws and were away from home. While for the male public a greater number of activities are offered that provide opportunities to enter into formal work, with the guarantee of labor rights, for women few occupations are offered, which reduces the guarantee of continuing work outside prison and when they continue, most of the time, become an informal job.