Análise das intervenções fisioterapêuticas e seus efeitos na qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas com demência de Alzheimer: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness characterised by the deterioration of cognitive and motor functions, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and their families. First described in 1906, AD has an insidious course, with symptoms that begin with short-term memory loss and progress to cognitive deficits, behavioural changes and loss of functional autonomy. Currently, it is estimated that around 50 million people suffer from the disease worldwide, with a tendency to increase due to population ageing. The therapeutic management of AD involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, with physiotherapy being fundamental for motor and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as promoting autonomy and preventing secondary complications such as muscle contractures and falls. Physiotherapy protocols include aerobic exercises, stretching, strengthening techniques and activities that stimulate motor coordination and balance, adjusted according to the stage of the disease.The aim of this study was to analyse physiotherapy interventions and their effects on the quality of life of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The methodology used in this study was based on a literature review on the subject of physiotherapy for the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia. The search sources were digital materials on sites such as Google Scholar, presenting studies from 2018 to 2025 in Portuguese and English. The results of this study showed that the rehabilitation of motor functions and sensory stimulation through specific techniques and interventions can facilitate the performance of daily activities, promoting the patient's autonomy and self-esteem.