Cerâmicas odontológicas atuais: comparação entre Zircônia Y-TZP e Cerâmica Vítrea reforçada por Dissilicato de Lítio – revisão de literatura

Abstract

Oral rehabilitation has always been the main objective of dentistry. For this, several types of techniques and materials have been developed for this purpose. In this context, dental ceramics have emerged as alternatives to metallic / metalloceramic prostheses for the rehabilitation of one or more dental elements. Demonstrating great results, several types of ceramics started to be studied, giving prominence to Zirconia Y-TZP and to Lithium Disilicate. The objective of the present study was, through a review of narrative literature, to explain the characteristics of resistance and aesthetics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate, and to compare them. For this purpose, articles published in the period 2010 to 2020 were used, taken from the search engines PubMed, Portal of the Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar, and in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, BIREME and SciELO, based on the association of descriptors “cerâmicas dentais” (dental ceramics), “dissilicato de lítio” (lithium dissilicate) ,“zircônia dental” (dental zirconia) “resistência” (resistance) e “estética” (aesthetic), associados pelo termo “e” (and). Among the ceramics used in dentistry, Y-TZP Zirconia stands out for being a highly resistant material, which can be subjected to some modifications in its structure in order to acquire better optical characteristics. Also, with the advent of CAD-CAM technology, it is possible to obtain ceramic parts with enormous precision in preparation. Lithium disilicate is not only characterized by its resistance, but also by its excellent optical properties, which can be used in CAD-CAM systems or in pressing systems. Due to their unique properties and characteristics, these promising materials require professional attention, due to their versatility and highly satisfactory final results.