Influência da doença periodontal no parto pré-termo e nascimento de bebês de baixo peso: revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Periodontal disease is characterized by immunoinflammatory changes induced by the accumulation of dental biofilm and is mainly caused by anaerobic gram-negative bacteria that affect the supporting and protective tissues of the teeth. The birth of low birth weight newborns is one of the most prevalent factors in cases of neonatal morbidity and mortality, which can result from preterm birth, restrictions on intrauterine development or both. During the gestational period, the woman is susceptible to physical and emotional changes, this directly interferes with her oral health, causing local changes, which also interfere systemically. The present study aims to assess the existence of a possible relationship between preterm and / or low birth weight and periodontal disease. For this, a literature review was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS AND SCIELO databases, through the selected descriptors. Scientific works between 2001 and 2020 were evaluated using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, periodontal disease is identified in the literature as a risk factor for preterm birth, therefore, it is necessary to study on this subject.