Associação do bruxismo do sono e a apneia obstrutiva do sono em pacientes infantis: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is considered a sleep-disordered breathing, its main feature being pauses in breathing during sleep. With this change, children usually present an interruption in the REM sleep phase, which is the most difficult sleep phase to be achieved. This dysfunction prevents a child from carrying on normally with their daily activities, and with that, it may be related to other pathophysiologies, such as Sleep Bruxism (SB), which is considered one of the most frequent signs, due to muscle pain and facial fatigue. OSAS can be a cause of bruxism, as a child who moves during sleep triggers motor activation of the jaw, causing teeth to grind. The objective of this research was to analyze the literature about these pathologies and trace a possible relationship between them, aiming to facilitate their diagnosis in health practice. A narrative literature review was carried out through the search for articles in the Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs and Academic Google databases, between 2010 and 2021, using the descriptors: Apnea. Bruxism. Polysomnography. Pediatric Dentistry. It is concluded that, in order to diagnose the association between OSAS and SB, dental care should be performed with the pediatric dentist, the pediatrician and the otolaryngologist requesting additional tests, such as polysomnography together with an electromyography of the masseter and temporal muscles, to evaluation of the electrical activity of the musculature, thus carrying out complete monitoring of the patient and thus making a definitive diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment.