Prescrição de antibióticos em odontopediatria: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Antibiotics are natural or synthetic compounds, bacteriostatic or bactericidal, widely used in pediatric dentistry for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Despite the benefits, the indiscriminate use of these medications can result in serious health problems for children. Therefore, this work aims to demonstrate the methods, guidelines and main antibiotics prescribed for the treatment of odontogenic infections in pediatric dentistry, and those that should be avoided, aiming at the rational use of these medications. This work is a narrative literature review, elaborated from national and international works, indexed in the following databases: SciELO, PubMed, MEDILINE, Academic Google and Virtual Health Library. According to the literature, antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric dentistry, they need formulas and rules, based on weight, body surface, the age of the children, compared to the dosage for the adult patient. With the literature review, it was analyzed that there is no consensus regarding the determination of the dosage of antibiotics for children, and that the most indicated antibiotics for administration in pediatric dentistry belong to the class of penicillins, macrolides and lincosamines. On the other hand, tetracyclines, amphenicols, aminoglycosides, quinolones and fluroquinolones should be avoided. However, it is concluded that the doses recommended for children as a function of the doses for adults, based on their weight, body surface or age, are insufficient resources to determine the dosage of antibiotics, thus it is necessary to determine the risk or severity of the infection, and have a broad understanding of human biological development, the pharmacological characteristics of these drugs and the pharmacokinetic aspects of children.