Fatores de risco cardiovasculares advindos da programação metabólica no período gestacional e primeira infância

Abstract

The fetal origin of adult disease theory developed by David Barker in 1986, argues that insults at key times in human development to the intrauterine maternal environment can impact adult health and disease. The hypothesis that the exposure of the fetus to a hypercaloric or hyponitritic diet during fetal development, combined with maternal sedentarism, would induce metabolic changes in the fetus in the medium and long term, making it predisposed to the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases, highlighted the importance of nutritional control during pregnancy, since cardiovascular diseases contribute to a high mortality rate worldwide. The present study aimed to correlate the emergence of cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood with DOHaD, in addition to link fetal malnutrition and low birth weight with the emergence of metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes over the years, also correlating the influence of fetal metabolic programming and the first thousand days of life with susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors. To achieve the objectives of this study, we conducted a literature review and data survey based on scientific articles and clinical trials found in online periodical portals and published in databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, MEDLINE and VHL. Based on the data collected, most studies in the area found a positive relationship between nutritional supply to the fetus and in early childhood and low birth weight with metabolic changes susceptible to cardiovascular dysfunction in the adult life of the individual. Therefore, it is concluded that maternal nutritional control during fetal and early childhood development, in addition to the practice of physical activity during the gestational period can ensure stability in the nutritional intake of the mother and fetus and a less aggressive adaptive response to the body.