Biopoder e poder disciplinar nos linchamentos: uma análise do comportamento coletivo à luz da teoria Foucaultiana

Abstract

The present research has the purpose of explaining the characterization of lynching practices in Brazil and highlighting the power modalities that pass through social relations, identified in the violent collective act against an alleged criminal. The study aims at the understanding of the punitive practices of lynching and the factors that influence it from a psychoanalysis analysis about the origin of hate and aversion of the population against the crime and the criminal. Besides that, it will be analyzed the records of urban irregular organization that reinforce the processes of segregation and marginalization, and the passive actions of the state regarding basic structural services, such as a public safety. The motivation to carry out this study and the delimitation of the topic came with the annoyance with the news spread of lynching by the media and the participation of the population, spectacularising and trivializing violence in the occurrences. In addition, the participation in the extension group “Observatório da Violência na Unidade de Ensino Superior Dom Bosco” provided a different view for the understanding of this popular manifestation. The methodology used for the construction of the work is classified in bibliographical, inductive, exploratory and social scientific technology, since it uses the bibliographical revision to relate the collective behavior to the mechanisms of power exposed by Michel Foucault, increasing the perception of said domains and using concepts from legal science (Criminology, Legal Sociology, Philosophy of Law). Given this, it is possible to verify as a result the influence of the irregular urban development and the inertia of the public power in the violent popular reaction of the lynching. In the collective behavior on the screen, it is possible to visualize the existence of expressions of power that run through social relations constantly. From the Foucaultian conception, the power technologies called disciplinary power and biopower act on individuals, disciplining them and making them useful for the industrial system, and on the collective, regulating the risks and threats to which it is exposed.