Laserterapia na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes oncológicos: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Oral mucositis affects approximately 89% and 97% of patients who use chemotherapy and radiotherapy respectively as an oncological treatment, directly interfering in the patient's well-being. However, the use of low-level laser therapy has proved to be the most appropriate approach for the treatment of oral mucositis, thus constituting the center of study of this work, the importance of using laser therapy in the quality of life of patients affected by oral mucositis. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of low-level laser in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the head and neck region. Justification: A high rate of people when submitted to antineoplastic treatments develop side effects, as is the case of oral mucositis, thus it becomes relevant to indicate ways to guarantee the prevention or treatment of injuries, ensuring continuity of treatment and quality of life. Methodology: This is a descriptive qualitative research of the literature review type. Publications were searched between 2009 and April 2021 in the databases of Google Scholar, SciELO, LILACS, Pubmed, Medline, as well as federal ordinances in the Union Gazette and on reference sites on oncology (INCA, ASCO and MASS/ISSO), evaluating cancer data, the relationship between antineoplastic therapies, the development of oral site and laser therapy treatment were evaluated. Conclusion: Studies show that in the majority of patients who underwent prophylactic sessions of laser therapy prior to antineoplastic treatment, there was no development of lesions in the mucosa or when developed, the mucositis was mild, without altering well-being of the patient; thus concluding the need to use low power laser in cancer patients.