A (sub)representação feminina nas eleições proporcionais Maranhenses de 2020: o paradigma do cumprimento dos percentuais mínimos das cotas eleitorias de gênero frente a garantia das condições gerais de igualdade material na disputa do voto entre as candidatas da 64a zona eleitoral

Abstract

The female underrepresentivity in the politic has been a current theme in the last years. In fact, many efforts were engaged by feminist movements over Brazil’s socio-historical formation to assure to the women the right to participate actively of important political decisions in this country. Even with the advent of the women’s suffrage thought the Decree n° 21.076/1932 and the principle of equality elevated to a constitutional status and fundamental right established by the Brazilian Constitution from 1988 are strong indications that the women are still enduring to occupy spaces in the political power. Despite the engagement adopted by the Brazilian State in the creation of affirmative actions such as the gender quotas and laws that encourage a female participation in the politic, the lack of elected women in the municipality, state or federal sphere is still symptomatic. Therefore, this research aims to analyze whether, even in the presence of these legal permissives, the lack of conditions of material equality precluded or not the women’s election in the percentage reasonably equivalent to the gender quotas expected in the Law n° 9.504/1997 in the election of 2020 in the Electoral Ward from Cândido Mendes/MA. As a result, a study will be made of the participation of women in Brazilian politics in historical contexts and how the suffragist movements were relevant for Brazilian women to finally obtain the right to vote and be voted on. In a second moment, it will be discussed to what extent the electoral quota of gender served as an instrument of access for women in the national political scenario. Finally, in the last chapter, an analysis was made of the electoral data allocated in the repository of the TSE about the elections in the 64a ZE from 2000 to 2020 and it will be concluded that the absence of public and private funding harmed women's campaigns in that electoral zone in the last election, reverberating an old system of extreme female underrepresentation in politics. For this study, bibliographic and quantitative research was adopted as a methodology, taking as a parameter the reading of doctrinal books, scientific articles from magazines specialized in Electoral Law, jurisprudence of electoral courts, legislation, candidacy registration processes and electoral accountability, in addition to gauging the statistical data collected by the Electoral Justice regarding the 2020 Elections.