Reconstrução facial forense como forma de reconhecimento e identificação humana: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Forensic facial reconstruction or RFF is a secondary identification technique whose objective is to assist in confirming the identity of individuals whose remains are in an advanced stage of decomposition, victims of disasters and large-scale terrorist attacks, bodies charred, presence of cadaver bones without a previous suspicion or when primary forensic techniques are not indicated. The RFF is divided into three types, namely: 2D facial reconstruction, using two-dimensional drawings; manual modeling and 3D modeling, through computer graphics resources. Facial approximation uses craniometric points and thickness tables to recreate ante-mortem faces from the skull. The purpose of this work is to present facial reconstruction as a tool to aid in the identification of corpses and their forensic indications. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were named through works that were in accordance with the proposed theme and that managed to culminate, in an objective, cohesive and elucidative way, the presented theme. They were calculated from the Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scielo platform databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Therefore, we can conclude that the RFF can be an auxiliary tool in forensic investigative aspects, when there is no possibility of performing the primary identification methods.