Efeitos do treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico na incontinência urinária de pacientes pós-prostatectomia radical: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence is one of the most prevalent complications of Radical Prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer, severely impacting the

patient's quality of life. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training is widely recognized as the first- line conservative intervention for this condition. This study aimed to analyze the effects

of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. An Integrative Literature Review was conducted with searches in PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, and PEDro databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. The data were subjected to content analysis and organized into thematic categories to address the specific objectives. The literature analysis revealed that the pathophysiology of Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence is multifactorial, involving not only direct sphincteric damage but also the loss of passive fascial support, which leads to urethral hypermobility. Studies demonstrate that Pelvic Floor Muscle Training is effective, presenting statistically significant results in accelerating continence recovery, with rates ranging from 77 to 96 percent at 12 months in supervised protocols. The effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training is significantly enhanced when combined with adjuvant therapies, such as biofeedback, and the success of rehabilitation is critically dependent on physiotherapist supervision and intervention timing, with superior results in continence and erectile function recovery when initiated in the preoperative period. It is concluded that Pelvic Floor Muscle Training is the gold-standard approach for Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence rehabilitation, and its effects are maximized when the protocol is supervised, initiated early, and, when necessary, combined with adjuvant technologies.