Manifestações orais em pacientes pediátricos com vírus HIV: revisão de literatura

Abstract

HIV is the English acronym applied as the name of the human immunodeficiency virus, the etiological agent of the AIDS disease. Such a systemic condition is characterized by compromising the immune system of individuals, and as present in this work, also the immune system of children. Therefore, the presence of the virus in the body can signal the possible appearance of opportunistic infections and neoplasms, which characterized the AIDS disease. Among the opportunistic infections, pneumocystosis, neurotoxoplasmosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis stand out. Such as neoplasms, Kaposi sarcoma, nonHodgkin's lymphoma and cervical cancer. In addition, some oral manifestations may be present in children, such a oral candidiasis, gingivitis and enlargement of the parotid glands, with candidiasis being considered a marker of disease progression. Based on the presence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with HIV infection, the present study aims to describe the main oral manifestations of the HIV virus in infant patients and the role of the dentist in this identification and treatment approach. This is a descriptive literature review study, from which the main characteristics of the oral condition of children affected by the HIV virus and the duties of the dentist in this context were described. Among the most frequent oral manifestations, oral candidiasis stands out, with relevant prevalence even in infant patients, and then linear gingival erythema or HIV-associated gingivitis. In this context, it is essential that dental surgeons know these oral manifestations so that they can identify them, assisting in the diagnosis of the presence of HIV or even supporting the recovery of oral health and quality of life of children with HIV virus.