Hipomineralização de Molar-Incisivo (HMI): uma revisão de literatura sobre a etiologia e os possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais

Abstract

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (HMI) is a qualitative defect of tooth enamel that occurs in the maturation process. It has an unknown, complex cause and involves several factors, reaching one, two or four permanent molars and may or may not be associated with the permanent incisors. The early diagnosis of HMI is essential, through a detailed anamnesis and clinical examination, seeking to identify this defect in the early stages, providing an early intervention and preventing more enamel surfaces from the clinical consequences. The objective of this study was to identify the etiological factors of molar-incisive hypomineralization and to present the possible diagnoses differences for this involvement. A literature review was performed by searching for scientific articles and gray literature from online data from Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Google Academic, without date limit. Dental enamel with HMI is clinically varied in terms of staining, and can be white, cream, yellow or brown and well demarcated in the affected enamel, different from the color of the hard enamel. It has normal thickness with opacities demarcated, changing its translucency with soft and porous aspect. It can be concluded that its etiology is still unknown, however, it is evident that HMI has a multifactorial origin. Some studies relate MHI to environmental factors that may influence the development of this defect, associated with genetic factors and with systemic conditions during the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. The possible differential diagnoses of IMH are dental hypoplasia, fluorosis and imperfect amelogenesis with different etiologies, clinical and radiographic characteristics. Keywords: Dental hypomi