A complexidade dos direitos humanos na obra de Tolstói: aproximações entre a literatura e a teoria impura dos direitos humanos

Abstract

This work starts from the approximation between the categories of critical theory of human rights, by Joaquín Herrera Flores, and the literature of Liev Tolstoy, aiming to understand a complex view of human rights based on the issues raised by the Russian writer's literature. For this, it is questioned to what extent do elements of a complex vision of human rights are perceptible by the reading of Tolstoy. The research starts from a study of the writer's intertext, analyzing the different contexts concerning the cultural history of Russia; the diverse conceptions that the author demonstrated during his life; and the most significant books of his production according to the objective of the work. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the universality of human rights creates problems by examining the development of these rights; the exclusions that occurred under international law; and the different views about the category. Finally, it identifies the complexity of human rights in Tolstoy's literature, from the demonstration of which concepts are essential for this vision of universality and the identification of the concepts that were essentials to the author's ideals. To achieve these goals, this theoretical research, which qualifies as basic in terms of its nature and exploratory in terms of its objectives, promotes a bibliographic review procedure of works related to the critical theory of human rights and selected writer's books, especially, “War and peace”, “Anna Karenina” and “Resurrection”