Capacidade funcional e risco de quedas de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados com doença de alzheimer

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging is a global reality that implies considerable challenges with regard to the health and well-being of the elderly. Among the conditions that affect this segment of society, Alzheimer's disease stands out, a neurodegenerative pathology of a progressive character that causes significant losses in cognitive and functionality, contributing to the increased risk of falling to individuals. Objective: This study has as main objective to analyze the results described in the literature about the functional capacity and risk of falls of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's. Methodology: This is a systematic review of the literature with a qualitative approach. The databases used were Pubmed, Scielo, LILACS, with articles published between 2012 and 2022, referred to in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: Studies have shown that most institutionalized elderly have reduced functional capacity and increased risk of falls from the early stages of the disease. On the other hand, the non-institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's, are able to maintain independence and autonomy in mild stages of AD, however, as the disease progresses, there is a gradual deterioration of skills leading to a reduction in functional capacity and an increased risk of falls. As for the risk of falls, although there may be differences in the circumstances and care environment between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly, both have similar risk factors. Conclusion: Institutionalization contributes to the sharp decline in functional capacity and risk of falling, leading to greater dependence on care, compared to the elderly in the community.