Racismo ambiental: uma análise da crise humanitária no território Yanomami Homoxi e dos possíveis caminhos para a efetivação do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado dos povos indígenas no Brasil

Abstract

The Yanomami Indigenous Territory suffered a health crisis from 2019 to 2023 caused by the growth of illegal mining, which brought deforestation, river pollution, the spread of diseases such as malaria and COVID-19, as well as deaths, even though the Brazilian State had been alerted to the situation. In this context, the research aims to examine whether environmental racism exacerbated the crisis since the Federal Government was aware of what was happening, but was silent, as well as the possible paths for the realization of the right to the ecologically balanced environment of indigenous peoples in Brazil. To do this, it will follow the following objectives: to understand the phenomenon of environmental racism in Brazil; to examine the relationship between environmental racism and the aggravation of the humanitarian crisis in the Yanomami Homoxi territory; and to study the right to the ecologically balanced environment and the possible paths to combat environmental racism dispensed to indigenous peoples. The method used is hypothetical-deductive with the hypothesis for the problem and its falsification or confirmation during the work, through exploratory research, aiming to explain the concepts important for the confirmation or not of the hypothesis elaborated. From the analysis of the ideas, themes and data consulted, it was found that environmental racism was responsible for the aggravation of the crisis through institutions, especially the omissions of the Federal Government, and that the path to combat the phenomenon and to promote the right to an ecologically balanced environment of indigenous peoples in Brazil goes primarily through respect and the protection of their culture, which allowed the initial hypothesis to be confirmed.