Garantia da convivência familiar e comunitária às crianças em acolhimento institucional: análise da atuação da 1ª Promotoria de Justiça da Infância e Juventude de São Luís

Abstract

In recent decades, Brazil has undergone significant transformations in the field of children's and adolescents' rights, marked by the rupture with repressive models and the adoption of the paradigm of integral protection. Nevertheless, remnants of outdated institutional practices still persist today, albeit under new perspectives. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the impacts of prolonged institutional care on the development of children and adolescents, based on the performance of the 1st Prosecutor's Office for Children and Youth in São Luís. For this purpose, the hypothetical-deductive method was adopted, with an explanatory approach, using bibliographic and field research, through the application of questionnaires and document analysis. The findings demonstrate that, although institutional care is legally provided as a provisional and exceptional measure, its implementation still reveals structural and emotional shortcomings, resulting in fragile bonds, extended stays, and negative effects on the development of those sheltered. The comparison with the Romanian experience highlighted that, in contexts of affective neglect, even under the pretext of protection, institutional care can lead to new rights violations. It is concluded, therefore, that it is urgent to strengthen policies that ensure family and community living as a priority, promoting a truly protective and humanized system, through the integrated action of the Child Rights Guarantee System.